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As the reaction continues, the concentration of hydroxide increases. The reaction is slower than that of potassium (immediately below sodium in the periodic table), but faster than that of lithium (immediately above sodium in the periodic table). During the reaction, the sodium metal may well become so hot that it catches fire and burns with a characteristic orange colour. The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. The reaction continues even when the solution becomes basic. Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless basic solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2). Sodium metal dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Na(I) ion together with hydrogen gas, H 2.ĢNa(s) + H 2SO 4(aq) → 2Na +(aq) + SO 4 2-(aq) + H 2(g) Reaction of sodium with bases So, it reacts with fluorine, F 2, chlorine, Cl 2, bromine, I 2, and iodine, I 2, to form respectively sodium(I) bromide, NaF, sodium(I) chloride, NaCl, sodium(I) bromide, NaBr, and sodium(I) iodide, NaI.ĢNa(s) + I 2(g) → NaI(s) Reaction of sodium with acids The noble gases (historically also the inert gases sometimes referred to as aerogens 1) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.

Sodium metal reacts vigorously with all the halogens to form sodium halides. The reaction is slower than that of potassium (immediately below sodium in the periodic table), but faster than that of lithium (immediately above sodium in the periodic table).ĢNa(s) + 2H 2O → 2NaOH(aq) + H 2(g) Reaction of sodium with the halogens Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2). If sodium is burnt in air the result is white sodium peroxide, Na 2O 2, together with some sodium oxide, Na 2O, which is also white.ĤNa(s) + O 2(g) → 2Na 2O(s) Reaction of sodium with water The result is a shiny surface, but this soon dulls because of the action of air and moisture. Click the tabs at the top to explore each section. There you can find the metals, semi-conductor(s), non-metal(s), inert noble gas(ses), Halogens, Lanthanoides, Actinoids (rare earth elements) and transition metals.Sodium is easy to cut with a knife. The Royal Society of Chemistry's interactive periodic table features history, alchemy, podcasts, videos, and data trends across the periodic table. Please note that the elements do not show their natural relation towards each other as in the Periodic system. Click here: to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit or Kelvin. It is in the subgroup of alkaline metals NaO sodium oxide and NaOH sodium. The homonuclear diatomic gases and noble gases together are called 'elemental gases' or 'molecular gases', to distinguish them from other gases that are chemical compounds. The unity used for the melting point is Celsius (C). Sodium is an element in the 1 group of the 3 period of the Periodic Table. The chemical element with the lowest melting point is Helium and the element with the highest melting point is Carbon. The chemical elements ofįor chemistry students and teachers: The tabular chart on the right is arranged by melting point. This list contains the 118 elements of chemistry. Chemical elements listed by melting pointĬhemical elements listed by melting point The elements of the periodic table sorted by melting pointĬlick on any element's name for further chemical properties, environmental data or health effects.

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